CONTENTS

№ 3 (65) – 2014 (July – September)

Summary

Lyudmila I. SHVETSOVA

Social policy as a tool for social state building

Keywords: social policy, responsible state, family, children, material provision, inequality, availability of quality education.

Abstract: The article deals with the priorities of the state administration in the sphere of family-related policy. There are considered the following issues: two models of social policy – neo-liberal and social-democratic; change in the economic status of family with birth of child; support of mobility on the labour market; social differentiation; modernization of the healthcare; reforms in the sphere of education and the rights of children with disabilities; alimony payment arrears; social orphanhood.

Arkady K. SOLOVYEV, Nelya V. MELEZHIK

The level of pension provision in modern Russia

Keywords: poverty, demographic at-risk groups, pensioners, subsistence minimum, labour pension.

Abstract: For our country, which is going through the transition to a market economy under the conditions of prolonged post-crisis stagnation, the growing economic differentiation of population entails additional risks for the pension system being permanently reformed. The presented study is particularly topical, as the issue of poverty is scientifically poorly investigated: there are no socially and economically founded criteria and indicators for estimation of poverty levels and well-being of certain categories of population, the factors determining conditions for formation of poverty are not identified, there are no tools of the state policy concerning long-term poverty, etc.

Bibliography

1. The Federal law from 24.10.1997 № 134-FZ «About a living wage in the Russian Federation»//«Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation», 27.10.1997, № 43, art. 4904.

2. The order of the Government of the Russian Federation from 25.12.2012 № 2524-r «About the statement of Strategy of long-term development of pension system of the Russian Federation». [The Electronic resource]. Available at: [the Adviser plus]. http://base. consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=139981

3. The basic lines of activity of the Government of the Russian Federation for the period till 2018 (approved by The government of the Russian Federation of 31.01.2013) [the Electronic resource]. Available at: http://www.government.ru

4. Soloviev A.C. Demographic threat to economy: the macroanalysis of pension system of Russia. Problems of forecasting. 2013. №2 (137). Р p. 112-126

5. Official site of Federal Agency of the state statistics. Available at: http://www.gks.ru

Vladimir . N. А RKHANGELSKY.

Transformation of fertility indicators in the real generations of Russian women

Keywords: number of live births, real generations, age-specific fertility rate, demographic policy.

Abstract: Analysis of fertility transformation in the real generations of women is based on calculations of the number of live births by one-year age-specific fertility rates. The implemented measures of demographic policy have at least significantly slowed down the process of reduction in the average number of children born in the real generations.

Bibliography

1. The population of Russia 2010-2011. Eighteenth and nineteenth annual demographic re-port. E х . е d. A.G. Vishnevskiy . Moscow: Higher School of Economics, 2013. 530 р .

2. http://www.humanfertility.org/cgi-bin/country.php?country=RUS&tab=asfr&t1=3&t2=4

3. http://std.gmcrosstata.ru/webapi/jsf/table View/customiseTable.xhtml

Boris A. KOROBITSYN, Alexander A. KUKLIN, Natalia L. NIKULINA

Losses of the RF subjects from main death causes and assessment of the priorities for raising life expectancy

Keywords: life expectancy, lost years of potential life, losses from premature mortality, priorities for reducing mortality.

Abstract: This paper presents results of the calculation of such indicators as reduction in life expectancy, the number of lost years in working age and the corresponding short-received gross regional product. To identify the priorities in policies for raising life expectancy, the state of mortality in Russia is compared with that in the European Union.

Bibliography

1. Vaganov P.A. Risk of death and price of life. Legal Studies. 1999. No 3. P. 67-82

2. Vishnevsky A.G., Vasin S.A. Death causes and priorities of the policy for reduction of mortality in Russia. Economic Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2011. No 4. P р . 472-496

3. Korobitsyn B.A., Kuklin A.A., Manzhurov I.L., Nikulina N.L. Estimation of losses from the reduction of life expectancy as a result of oncological diseases. Economics of Region. 2013. No 3. P р . 257-264

4. Korobitsyn B.A., Kuklin A.A., Manzhurov I.L., Nikulina N.L Evaluation of the changes in life expectancy using the human development index. Economics of Nature Management. 2012. No 6. P р . 103-111

5. Medico-demographic indicators of the Russian Federation in 2010 . Statistical data. Moscow. Central Research Institute for Organization and Informatization of Health Care. 2011. 164 p.

6. Nifantova R.V., Shipitsyna S.E. Modern methodic approaches to estimation of the human life cost. Economics of Region. 2012. No 3. P р . 289-294

7. Branon I. Winter 2004-2005. What is a life worth? Regulation. Pp. 60-63.

8. Coronary heart disease statistics. 2010 edition. (2010) British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group. Department of Public Health, University of Oxford.

9. Ferlay J., Steiliarova-Foucher E., Lortet-Tieulent J., Rosso S., Coebergh J.W.W., Comber H., For-man D., Bray F. (2013) Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. European Journal of Cancer. Vol. 49. Pp. 1374-1403.

10. Shogren J. & Stamland T. (2001) Skills and the Value of Life. Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 110. No 5. Pp. 1168-1173.

Natalia M. RIMASHEVSKAYA, Sergey V. KROSHILIN, Elena I. MEDVEDEVA

Ridge model for projections of the age-sex structure of children and youth

Keywords: demographic processes, fertility, mortality, cohort analysis, education system, forecasting, econometric modeling.

Abstract: The article presents the authors’ approach to econometric modeling based on the Ridge model of the age patterns of children and youth. Construction of this model will make it possible to analyze the impact of demographic dynamics on the process of modernization in the system of education.

Bibliography

1. Rimashevskaya N.M. Features of the development of demographic processes in modern Russia H.R. Medvedeva, N.M. Rimashevskaya, V.G. Dobrochleb, S.V. Kroshilin. National interests: priorities and security. 2012. № 15(156). Рр . 2-12.

2. Rybakovskiy L.L. Dynamics of the population of Russia and its components, 2001-2025. Sociological studies. 2011. No. 12. Рр . 43-49.

3. ROSSTAT. Section: Demographic forecast until 2030. The population in individual age groups [Electronic resource]. Available at: // http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/ pop-ulation/demo/progn3.htm

4. The Federal service of state statistics. Section. The demographics. The subsection. Popula-tion. Item. The resident population on 1 January (requests by age). [Electronic resource]. Available at: http://cbsd.gks.ru/

Yulia V. ZIN’KINA

Family planning programmes and their impact on fertility: experience of the developing world and prospects for their implementation in Africa

Keywords: Tropical Africa, family planning programmes, contraception, demand for contraception, population projections, Ethiopia.

Abstract: Reduction in international funding and curtailment of many family planning programmes contributed to a mass standstill of fertility in Tropical African countries at high levels in the second half of the 1990s that led to accumulation of an enormous demographic inertia and a sharp increase in the projected population growth. Satisfying the already existing demand for family planning services in Tropical African countries should become an evident priority direction for actions to support development of the region. The article considers the experience of Ethiopia, which has recently managed to achieve a remarkable success in reduction of fertility by means of effective national family planning programmes.

Bibliography

1. Bongaarts J., & Sinding S. W. (2011). Family Planning as an Economic Investment. SAIS Review, 31(2), 35–44.

2. Ross J.A., & Mauldin W.P. (1988). Berelson on Population. New York: Springer-Verlag.

3. Notestein F. W. (1973). The quest for optimal patterns of demographic, economic and social development: Costs and benefits of population programs. UN Economic and Social Council.

4. United Nations Department of Social Affairs. (2004). World Population Policies 2003. New York: Department of Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations.

5. United Nations Population Fund . (1988). Global Population Assistance Report 1982–1985. New York: United Nations Population Fund.

6. Bongaarts J., Cleland J., & Townsend J. W. (2012). Family planning programs for the 21st century: Rationale and design. New York: The Population Council.

7. Bongaarts J., & Sinding S. W. (2009). A Response to Critics of Family Planning Programs. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35(1), 39–44.

8. United Nations Commission on Population and Development. (2009). Flow of financial resources for assisting in the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations Commission on Population and Development.

9. Blanc A. K., & Tsui A. O. (2005). The Dilemma of Past Success: Insiders’ Views on the Future of the International Family Planning Movement. Studies in Family Planning, 36(4), 263–276.

10. Cleland J., Bernstein S., Ezeh A., Faundes A., Glasier A., & Innis J. (2006). Family planning: the unfinished agenda. The Lancet Sexual and Reproductive Health Series, 368(9549), 1810–1827.

11. Gillespie D. G. (2004). Whatever Happened to Family Planning and, for That Matter, Reproductive Health? International Family Planning Perspectives, 30(1), 34–38.

12. Caldwell J.C., Phillips J. F., & Barkat-e-Khuda . (2002). The Future of Family Planning Pro-grams. Studies in Family Planning, 33(1), 1–10.

13. Harbison S. F., Robinson W. C. (2002). Policy implications of the next world demographic transition. Studies in Family Planning, 33(1), 37–48.

14. Ezeh A.C., Mberu B. U., & Emina J. O. (2009). Stall in fertility decline in Eastern African countries: regional analysis of patterns, determinants and implications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364(1532), 2991–3007.

15. Bongaarts J. (2008). Fertility Transitions in Developing Countries: Progress or Stagnation? New York: Population Council.

16. Kreider A., Shapiro D., Varner C., & Sinha M. (2009). Socioeconomic Progress and Fertility Transition in the Developing World: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys / A. Kreider, Revised version of a paper presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population International Population Conference, Marrakesh, Morocco, Sep-tember 27-October 2, 2009.

17. Garenne M. (2007). Situations of fertility stall in sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the 5th African Population Conf. UAPS, Arusha, Tanzania, 10–14 December 2007.

18. Shapiro D., & Gebreselassie T. (2008). Fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa: falling and stalling. African Population Studies, 23(1), 3–23.

19. Zinkina J.V. (2013). Fertility in Tropical Africa: risks of demographic explosion. Asia and Africa Today , 9, 42–45.

20. Bongaarts J., & Casterline J. (2012). Fertility Transition: Is sub-Saharan Africa Different? Population and Development Review, 38, 153–168.

21. Korotayev A.V., Zinkina J.V. (2013). Social-demographic risks of large-scale humanitarian disasters in Tropical African countries and ways of their prevention. Asia and Africa Today, 4, 28–36.

22. Bernstein S. (2005). The changing discourse on population and development: Toward a new political demography. Studies in Family Planning, 36(2), 127–132.

23. Cleland J., Phillips J. F., Amin S., Kamal G. M. (1994). The Determinants of Reproductive Change in Bangladesh: Success in a Challenging Environment. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

24. Tsui A. O. (1985). The rise of modern contraception. In: A.O. Tsui (ed.). Reproductive Change in Developing Countries. Insights from World Fertility Survey. New York: Oxford University Press, 115–138.

25. Fraser A., Green R., Dunbar M. (2002). Costing Cairo: An Annotated Bibliography of the Cost Literature on ICPD Programme of Action Components in Sub-Saharan Africa. Berkeley: University of California, Bay Area International Group, 2002.

26. Moreland S., & Talbird S. (2006). Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The contribution of fulfilling the unmet need for family planning. Washington, D.C.: USAID.

27. National Population Policy [of Ethiopia] of April 1993. Addis Ababa: Office of the Prime Minister, 1993.

28. ICF International. MEASURE DHS STAT Compiler [Electronic resource]. http://www.statcompiler.com/

29. World Bank. (2013). World Development Indicators Online. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/.

30. Ministry of Health [ Ethiopia]. (2007). Health Extension Program in Ethiopia Profile. Addis Ababa: Health Extension and Education Center, Federal Ministry of Health.

31. Bilal N. K., Herbst C. H., Zhao F., Soucat A., & Lemiere C. (2011). Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia: Improved Access and Coverage for the Rural Poor. In: Yes Africa can: success stories from a dynamic continent. Washington, D.C.: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 433–444.

Mairash S. TOKSANBAEVA

Professional orientation of the disabled in the Russian capital

Keywords: disabled person, student, education, professional orientation, vocational choice

Abstract: Correct vocational choice of persons with disabilities should be facilitated by professional orientation. On the basis of a sample survey of disabled students aged 16-25 years held in Moscow the author examined the extent of professional orientation coverage and the causes limiting this extent. The survey findings show that although these causes are of a subjective character, they have some objective limitations behind them. As a result, most of the disabled go on professional orientation not at the stage of vocational choice but at the stage of job search.

Bibliography

1. Stanevsky A.G., Khrapylina L.P. The concept of vocational rehabilitation for the Hearing Im-paired. Integrated vocational education for the Hearing Impaired in Bauman MSTU: Collection of scientific papers. Moscow. Publishing House of Bauman MSTU. 2000. P. 42-49.

2. How to choose a profession? Career counseling methods (choice of profession). 2014. Available at: http://www.educonsulting.ru/Statya_methods_of_proforientation.html

3. Toksanbaeva M.S. Non-profit organizations: help to children in difficult life situation. Population. 2013. No 2. P. 27-38.

4. Problems of poverty in families with children in Moscow . Moscow. Partner. 2009. 340 p.

6. Egupov E.A. Study motives for choosing the profession of economist students. Student All-Russian Scientific Conference Student Science Forum 15-20 February 2011. Available at: http://www.rae.ru/forum2011/10/1437

7. Motives of choice of profession. Report on the results of sociological research Motives of choice of profession. 2008. Available at: http://www.centor.ru/

Zoya A. KHOTKINA

Gender aspects of business management in Russia.

Keywords: gender aspects of management, business, top-management, gender statistics of education and employment, human capital, economic effectiveness.

Abstract: Gender aspects of business management in Russia are analyzed on the example of dynamics in the number and share of woman and men among top-managers. On the basis of analysis of the gender statistics of education and employment the author ex-amines the causes for the outrunning growth in the share of women among the business top-management as compared to that of men. She shows that formalization of the criteria for evaluation of success in education and business furthers women’s career. The article provides data on the comparative economic effectiveness of women and men in business management.

Bibliography

1. Russia have first position in the world on numbers of women top-managers. Available at: http://www.kadrovik.ru/modules.php?op=modload&name=News& file=article&sid=14676 (Accessed at September 24, 2014).

2. Condition of Labor and Life for Women. Moscow . GKS. 1992.

3. Social Status and Living Standards of Population in Russia. 2013. Moscow. Rosstat.

4. Popova L. Gender Aspects of Personality Selfimplamentation. Moscow. MCGS. P. 22.

5. Labour and Employment in Russia. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/ b11_36/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d1/01-20.htm (Accessed at September 24, 2014).

6. Diploma as arms. Available at: http://www.superjob.ru/research/articles/ 111482/diplom -kak-oruzhie-kak-obrazovanie-pomogaet-preodolet-gendernye-stereotipy-na-rynke-truda/ (Accessed at September 24, 2014).

7. Making a career in Russia: how to get to the top? Key motivating factors and barriers to men’s and women’s career development. A view from both sides. Available at: http://www.kom20.ru/index.php?id=89 (Accessed at September 24, 2014).

8. Zenger J., Folkman J. Is True that Manager Women Better then Men? Available at: http://hbr-russia.ru/liderstvo/zhenskoe-liderstvo/p12467/#ixzz3Da5Kjgbo (Accessed at September 24, 2014).

9. If Top-Manager — Woman. Available at: http://www.superjob.ru/community/ kollek-tiv/5432/ (Accessed at September 24, 2014).

Natalia M. RIMASHEVSKAYA, Lyudmila A. MIGRANOVA, Mairash S. TOKSANBAEVA

Human and labour potential of the Russian regions

Keywords: human and labour potential, index, rank of region, components and indicators, factors.

Abstract: In recent years ISESP RAS was conducting research on estimation of the quality of the human and labour potential of Russian regions. Some of the obtained results were published in the journal Population. The present article compares the quality of the human and labour potential in RF regions; it contains proposals for raising the quality of labour potential that is the primary creative element of human potential and the precondition for modernization of production.

Bibliography

1. Rimashevskaya N.M., Bochkareva V.K., Volkova G.N., Migranova L.A. Quality of labour potential in Russian regions. Population. 2012. No 3. P. 118

2. Rimashevskaya N.M., Bochkareva V.K, Migranova L.A., Molchanova E.V., Toksanbaeva M.S. Human potential of Russian regions. Population. 2013. No 3. P. 82

3. Migranova L.A., Toksanbaeva M.S. Quality of labour potential of Russian regions. Population. 2014. No 2. P. 102-120.

4. Ayvazian S.A. Analysis of the Quality and Way of Life of Population: Econometric Approach. Moscow. Science. 2012. P. 84-85

Elena N. SOCHNEVA

New challenges for the trade union movement in Russia

Keywords: trade unions, lean-production, quality management, effective contract, theory of management, industrial councils, education of trade unions

Abstract: The article deals with some current problems affecting the social-labour sphere of enterprises. These problems should be tackled by trade unions, but now trade unions give not enough attention to them. Solution of these problems could help to raise the motivation of trade union membership. The article also presents general recommendation for improvement of the trade unions’ work.

Bibliography

1. Zhukov A.L. Social partnership as a key part in the mechanism of salary regulation. Labor and Social Relations. 2012. No 4. Р . 4-14

2. The official site of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions. Available at: Fnpr.ru

3. Russian Public Opinion Research Center . Press release No 2053. Available at: http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=112842

4. Trade Unions today. Available at: http://www.unionstoday.ru/news/russian/2013/ 04/17/18047

5. Alexander Tarasov. FITU Corp. Skepsis. 25 October 2006. Available at: http://scepsis.net/ library/id_2366.html; 19 September is the FITU birthday. Available at: http://www. fnpr.ru/n/241/6582.html