№ 3 (73) – 2016 (July – September)

SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Leonid L. RYBAKOVSKY

Classification of migration: base and taxons

Key words: migration, criterion, taxon, type, species, form, classification.

Abstract. On the basis of the analysis of mostly domestic works there are identified the criteria that were used in the Soviet years and are currently applied in the classification of population migration. It is shown that some of these criteria as subjective constructions are not suitable for distribution of the manifold migration by various taxons. Some of the used criteria are not criteria at all. The author substantiates using for the purpose of classification six main criteria that have an objective basis. Among them are: crossing state or administrative borders, migration between settlements of different status, etc. The paper gives a critical assessment of the taxons used for breaking down the migration manifestations, it shows that the taxon best suited for differentiation of migration are type, shape and form. In the final part of the article there is a table with an approximate breakdown of the manifestations of migration for various reasons, indicating to what taxons may be attributed certain manifestations.

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12. Mir v zerkale mezhdunarodnoy migratsii [World in the Mirror of International Migration]. Nauchnaya sessiya: Mezhdunarodnaya migratsiya naseleniya:Rossiya I sovremennyy mir [Scientific session: International migration: Russia and the modern world]. Moscow. Max Press. 2002.
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Natalia M. RIMASHEVSKAYA, Lyudmila A. MIGRANOVA

Socio-economic differentiation in Russia

Key words: monetary and total income of households, wage, social transfers, household composition, income differentiation.

Abstract. The problem of population differentiation by levels of per capita monetary income has become particularly urgent with the transition of Russia to a market economy. The article presents the dynamics of income differentiation of households for about 50 years, beginning from 1967. The source of information was the state statistics. The article also analyses the main factors of formation of the socio-economic inequality of Russian households: levels and differentiation in wages, social transfers, composition and size of families. The authors show that the official statistical data on differentiation of monetary income of the RF households for the past 25 years published by Rosstat do not correspond to the actually existing inequality. Similar conclusions were made by a number of research institutions in the 1990s and early 2000s. According to Rosstat data, in 2015 the funds coefficient of the monetary income differentiation of families in the Russian Federation was 15.5, that is not high for such a country as Russia with its variety of the natural and climatic conditions. The authors believe that the actual inequality is much higher — it is at least 1,5 times more than the officially published data.

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8. Migranova L.A. Oplata truda v Rossii v usloviyakh krizisa [Work payment in Russia under the crisis conditions]. Nauchnoye obozreniye. Seriya 1. Ekonomika i pravo [Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law]. 2016 No 1. P. 22-37.
9. Shevyakov A.Yu. Mify i realii sotsial'noy politiki [Myths and Reality of Social Policy]. Moscow. ISEPN RAN [Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS]. 2011. 72 р.

Rusanova N.E., Gordeeva V.L.

Assisted reproductive technologies: requirements and regulation at a low birth rate

Bibliography and Internet sources

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Marina E. RUBLEVA, Vladimir F. MAZHAROV, Vladimir L. GAVRIKOV, Rem G. KHLEBOPROS

Interregional demographic response to the socio-economic transformations

Key words: Krasnoyarsk kray, demography, life expectancy, specific birth rate, fertility, municipal units.

Abstract. The article examines the demographic situation in Krasnoyarsk kray over the period of 1993-2013. The demographic processes were studied using linear regression between life expectancy and fertility of women with weighted demographic indicators. It was found out that at the time of the socio-economic transformations of 1990s — 2000s Krasnoyarsk kray followed the global trend characterized by an inverse relationship between life expectancy and fertility. It was revealed that significant dependence between the demographic indicators under investigation may be broken and restored in the process of adaptation to the new conditions of life both in urban and rural municipal units.

Bibliography

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2. Rimashevskaya N.M., Migranova L.A., Molchanova E.V. Faktory, vliyayushchiye na sostoyaniye zdorov'ya naseleniya Rossii [Factors affecting the state of health of the Russian population]. Narodonaseleniye [Population]. 2011. No 1. P. 38-49.
3. Rimashevskaya N.M. Chelovecheskiy potentsial Rossii i problemy «sberezheniya naseleniya» [Human potential of Russia and the problems of ‘saving population’]. Rossiyskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Economic Journal]. 2004. Nos 9-10. P. 22-40.
4. Grigoriev Yu.A. Prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni [Life expectancy]. Razvitiye chelovecheskogo potentsiala Sibiri: problemy sotsial'nogo vosproizvodstva regional'nogo soobshchestva [Development of the Human Potential of Siberia: Problems of Social Reproduction of the Regional Community]. Ed. Ya.A. Leshchenko Irkutsk. Ottisk [Print]. 2013. P. 52-96.
5. Krupkina T.V., Babenyshev S.V., Gorny B.E., Mazharov V.F., Plotnikov N.Yu, Tikhonova I.V. Izmereniye sotsial'no-ekonomicheskikh faktorov v sotsial'no-demograficheskoy modeli [Measuring social and economic factors in a demographic model]. Materialy XLVII nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Proceedings of the XLVII scientific and practical conference]. Kemerovo. Primula[Primrose]. 2012. P.103–107.
6. Leshchenko Ya.A. Krizis v obshchestvennom zdorov'ye i sotsial'no-demograficheskom razvitii: glavnyye proyavleniya, prichiny, usloviya preodoleniya [Crisis in the Public Health and Socio-Demographic Development: Main Manifestations, Causes, Conditions for Overcoming]. Irkutsk. RIO VSNTS SO RAMN [Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences]. 2006. 276 p.
7. Mazharov V.F., Grigoriev Yu.A. Rozhdayemost' naseleniya Krasnoyarskogo kraya v pervom desyatiletii XXI veka: Neskol'ko variantov otsenki [Birth rate of the population of Krasnoyarsk kray in the 1st decade of the 21st century: several variants of estimations]. Materialy XLV nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Proceedings of the XLV scientific and practical conference]. Novokuznetsk. 2010. P. 139–143.
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Alexander A. SOKOLOV

Spatial population changes in the Russian steppe zone

Key words: steppe, demographic dynamics, territories, urban and rural population.

Abstract. The article presents analysis of the regional specifics in population size changes by municipal regions and city districts in the steppe zone. In the course of study were identified important factors of the spatial differentiation in population size. It was found that large cities and adjacent territories are the areas with outrunning population growth, while over half of the steppe zone residents live in the regions with reducing population. The existing demographic situation furthers formation of demographic crisis zones on most part of the territory. The obtained results can be used in elaboration of various aspects of the socio-demographic policy of the RF subjects located in the steppe zone. The research was based on statistical data for 2010-2015 by 661 municipal units in the steppe zone of Russia.

Bibliography and Internet sources

1. Kapitsa S.P. Paradoksy rosta: zakony razvitiya chelovechestva [Paradoxes of Growth: Laws of Humanity Development]. Moscow. Dinastiya [Dynasty]. 2012. 201 p.
2. Vishnevsky A.G. Rossiya: demograficheskiye itogi dvukh desyatiletiy [Russia: Demographic results of two decades]. Mir Rossii [The World of Russia]. 2012. No 3. P. 3-40.
3. Chibilyov A.A. Stepnoy mir Yevrazii ot Vengrii do Mongolii [The Steppe World of Eurasia from Hungary to Mongolia]. Orenburg. Russkoye geograficheskoye obshchestvo [Russian Geographical Society]. 2013. 117 p.
4. Nefyodova T.G. Rossiyskaya periferiya kak sotsial'no-ekonomicheskiy fenomen [Russian periphery as a social and economic phenomenon]. Regional'nyye issledovaniya [Regional Studies]. 2008. No. 5. P. 14-31.
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Mairash S. TOKSANBAEVA

Professional and qualification mobility of employees in the Moscow small business

Key words: small business, employment, professional and qualification mobility, work-related security of population, professional skills.

Abstract. The employment in small business tends to growth, and the relatively high professional and qualification mobility of the employed contributes to growing problems with their social security in the field of professional competence. These problems were examined in a survey of the employed in small business carried out in Moscow. The survey revealed two main problems in labour mobility. The first one — descending qualification mobility of every fourth employee connected with change of occupation that leads to loss of professional skills and social status. The second problem concerns unsatisfied want for professional development that is characteristic of most employees. Only less than one third of the employees find this want satisfied to some extent. The causes of both problems root in the character of the Russian small business. First, lower professional skills than in large and medium business. Second, neither employers nor employees have necessary funds for training.

Bibliography

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2. Toksanbaeva M.S.Vliyanie razvitiya malogo biznesa na structuru rabotnikov po zanyatiyam [Impact of the small business development on the employees structure by occupation]. Natsional’nye ekonomiki v global’nom mire: politicheskaya ekonomiya i economicheskaya politika [National Economies in the Global World: Political Economy and Economic Policy]. Moscow. Lenand. 2013. P. 361.
3. Toreev V.B. Osobennosti razvitiya malogo biznesa v Rossii [Specifics of the Small Business Development in Russia]. Moscow. ISEPN RAN [Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS]. 2006. 256 p.
4. Soboleva I.V. Social’naya zaschischennost’ v sfere truda: podkhody k izmereniyu. [Work-Related Security of Population: Approaches to Measurement]. Moscow. IE RAN [Institute of Economics RAS]. 2010. 47 p.
5. Toksanbaeva M.S.Problemy ispol’zovaniya obrazovatel’nogo potentiala rabotnikov [Problems of using educational potential of employees]. Problemy i perspektivy razvitiya social’no-economicheskogo potentsiala rossiiskih regionov [Problems and Prospects of Development of the Socio-Economic Potential of the Russian Regions]. Cheboksary. Pegas. 2014. P. 129-130.
6. Soitsial’nye problemy sovremennoy Rossii: moskovskaya spetsifika [Social Problems of Contemporary Russia: Moscow Specifics]. Moscow. M-Studio. 2009. 341 p.
7.  Nastoyashchee i budushchee sem’i v menyaushchemsya mire. [The Present and the Future of Family in the Changing World]. Moscow. ISEPN RAN [Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS]. 2015. 318 p.
8. Sfera obrazovaniya v sisteme Rossiya-Zapad (problemy effektivnosti) [Education Sphere in the Russia-West Context (Problems of Effectiveness)]. Moscow. IMEMO RAN [National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations RAS]. 2009. 234 p.

Marina M. MALYSHEVA

Natural and technical sciences for women in the 21 century

Keywords: natural sciences and technical disciplines, women’s career, leadership, motivation, MINT and STEM training programmes, fellowships and foundations for women.

Abstract. The paper provides information on the main national scientific and educational programmes in the USA, Germany and Great Britain, which are aimed at raising competencies and qualifications among women in technical and natural sciences. It gives data on the performance of these programmes showing their high efficiency for development of women’s intellectual potential. There is expressed concern about the increasing applied aspects of scientific knowledge and their introduction into business. The author makes a conclusion about the necessity to develop similar programmes for women in Russian with the purpose of raising competitiveness of the Russian economy.

Bibliography and Internet sources

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Nina N. IVASHINENKO, Mikhail L. TEODOROVICH

Social technologies in poverty reduction in Russia: from internal factors to external challenges

Key words: external risks of poverty, poverty as social problem, participatory approach, international conflict of market interests.

Abstract. Methodologically poverty research has gone a considerable way from the problem-oriented approach to a participatory paradigm. Problem-oriented methods emerged as a response to the requirements of the transformation period in Russia concerning tactical decisions in the sphere of social management. Participatory approach including all most effective international practices provides the basis of long-term research projects for development of strategies for overcoming poverty. The second turning point in poverty research, besides changing the paradigm, was shifting the focus of risk assessment from internal factors to external ones. At present an important role in the dynamics of poverty risks is played by international conflicts and growing public awareness of the cross-country competition between the quality of life models. The authors consider proactive approach that implies changing the reaction to the current events, as the basis for external poverty risks hedging in local communities.

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Vladimir V.VAGIN

Social effects of initiative budgeting and population quality of life

Key words: participatory budgeting, initiative budgeting, local communities, citizen participation, effects.

Abstract. The initiatives of local communities aimed at improvement of the social infrastructure of settlements are an important resource for raising the quality of life. Awareness of this fact has led to formation of the global trend characterized by involvement of citizens in the decision-making process in the sphere of urban and settlement planning and development, management, solving budgetary matters. Russia has gained a considerable experience in implementation of initiative budgeting projects, formed a variety of practices and design centers. Solving local problems in initiative budgeting is accompanied by a number of additional economic, administrative and social effects. This phenomenon is considered in the article.

Bibliography and Internet sources

1. Sanoff H. Souchastvuyushcheye proyektirovaniye. Praktiki obshchestvennogo uchastiya v formirovanii sredy bol'shikh i malykh gorodov[Democratic Design. Participation Case Studies in Urban and Small Town Environments]. Vologda. Proyektnaya gruppa 8 [Project Group 8]. 2015. 170 p.
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Vsevolod M. ZHEREBIN, Olga N. VERSHINSKAYA, Nina A. ERMAKOVA

Information resources of the daily life of population

Key words: information resources, media, information services, assessment of information provision.

Abstract. The purpose of the article is assessment of the current state of the system of information provision in the daily life of population, which includes media channels, conventional and mobile Internet, as well as information services to population. This system is considered as a single complex, the use of which allows satisfaction of basic information needs of population in modern society. The article shows that such distinctive features of the Internet as a possibility to be used in conjunction with mobile telephony, high communication possibilities (social networks, blogs, forums, Skype, etc.), interactivity that is connected with a new possibility to form a system of information services, multimedia, i.e. the ability to broadcast in one channel all traditional media — periodical press, radio, television, that makes Internet the most promising media channel.

Bibliography and Internet sources

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Osobennosti vzaimodeystviya s auditoriyey razlichnykh vidov SMI [Specifics of the interaction of mediawith the audience of different types]. 21 April2015. Available at: http://lektsii.com/2-50116.html. (Accessed: November 2015).

Natalia O. BOLDYSHEVA, Maxim A. GOLOVCHIN

Social well-being of teachers and their attitude to the reform of education

Key words: pedagogical personnel, social well-being, reform of education.

Abstract. The article examines the issues of social well-being of teachers and their attitude to the ongoing reform in the system of education. The study was based on the findings of the sociological surveys of teachers in Moscow and Vologda oblasts conducted in 2015. In the analysis of the social well-being of teachers and their attitude to the reform a special attention was paid to the position of young teachers. The obtained results show that teachers in the regions with different socio-economic conditions are unanimous in their assessment of their social well-being and attitude to the reform.

Bibliography

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Alexandra V. KULIKOVA, Veronika V. MIKHAILOVA

Education and quality of life of families

Keywords: quality of life, social stratification, education, education expenditure, availability of education.

Abstract. The article considers the relationship between education and quality of life of families with minor children. It analyses such issues as satisfaction with the quality of education, availability of education, structure of education expenditure, the role of education in determining the socio-economic situation of families. The presented results are based on the sociological survey of the households’ quality of life in Taganrog city in 2014 and on monitoring poverty in small towns of Nizhny Novgorod region in 2011, carried out jointly by the Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population and Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University.

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Authors of the issue

BOLDYSHEVA Natalia Olegovna, Candidate of Economics, leading researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: nboldysheva@mail.ru

VAGIN Vladimir Vladimirovich, Candidate of Philosophy, Head of the Center for Initiative Budgeting, RF Ministry of Finance

E-mail: vvaginster@gmail.com

VERSHINSKAYA Olga Nikolayevna, Doctor of Economics, Head of Laboratory, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: vershinskaya@mail.ru

GAVRIKOV Vladimir Leonidovich, Candidate of Biology, senior researcher, Siberian Federal University

E-mail: gavrikov-58@mail.ru

GOLOVCHIN Maxim Alexandrovich, Candidate of Economics, Rеsеarcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories RAS

E-mail: mag82@mail.ru

GORDEEVA Viktoria Leonidovna, Candidate of Medical Science, Chief Physician of the Center for Infertility Treatment EKO

E-mail: vgordeeva@inbox.ru

ERMAKOVA Nina Alexeyevna, Candidate of Economics, senior researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: ermakova301032@mail.ru

ZHEREBIN Vsevolod Mikhailovich, Doctor of Economics, chief researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: ivir22@yandex.ru

IVASHINENKO Nina Nikolayevna, Doctor of Economics, Head of Chair, Nizhny Novgorod State University; Head of Laboratory, Nizhny Novgorod State University — Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS joint laboratory

E-mail: ivni@mail.ru

KULIKOVA Alexandra Vladimirovna, Candidate of Sociology, Associate Professor, Nizhny Novgorod State University, researcher, Nizhny Novgorod State University — Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS joint laboratory

E-mail: kulikova-alex@yandex.ru

MAZHAROV Vladimir Fedorovich, Doctor of Medical Science, Prof., Head of Laboratory, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, RAS Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

E-mail: majarov@inbox.ru

MALYSHEVA Marina Mikhailovna, Doctor of Economics, leading researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: malysheva-08@mail.ru

MIGRANOVA Lyudmila Alexeyevna, Candidate of Economics, chief researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS; leading researcher, Nizhny Novgorod State University — Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS joint laboratory

E-mail: lmigranova@mail.ru

MIKHAILOVA Veronika Valerievna, Candidate of Sociology, lecturer, Nizhny Novgorod State University, researcher, Nizhny Novgorod State University — Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS joint laboratory

E-mail: mihaylova.v.v@yandex.ru

RIMASHEVSKAYA Natalia Mikhailovna, Doctor of Economics, RAS Corresponding Member, RAS Adviser, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS; researcher, Nizhny Novgorod State University — Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS joint laboratory

E-mail: isesp-ras@yandex.ru

RUBLEVA Marina Evgenievna, student, Siberian Federal University

E-mail: marishka_6500@mail.ru

RUSANOVA Nina Evgenievna, Doctor of Economics,leading researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: ner238@rambler.ru

RYBAKOVSKY Leonid Leonidovich, Doctor of Economics,chef researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail1284781@mail.ru

SOKOLOV Alexander Andreyevich, Candidate of Geography, researcher, Institute of Steppe, RAS Ural Branch

E-mail: SokolovAA@rambler.ru

ТEODOROVICH Mikhail Leonidovich, Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Nizhny Novgorod State University; leading researcher, Nizhny Novgorod State University — Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS joint laboratory

E-mail: mt231@yandex.ru

TOKSANBAEVA Mairash Seitkazyevna, Doctor of Economics, Head of Laboratory, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS

E-mail: matoksan@mail.ru

KHLEBOPROS Rem Grigorievich, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Prof., Siberian Federal University; Chief Executive Officer, International Research Center for Extreme Human Conditions, Krasnoyarsk Research Center, RAS Siberian Branch

E-mail: olikru@yandex.ru